What motivated you to pursue architecture and how did your journey to starting your studio reflect your passion for geometry and parametric design?
Khushbu Davda (KD): From the beginning of our architectural journey, we delved into architecture, parametric design, geometry, and nature. We would often participate in competitions, engage in discussions, challenge the focus on straight lines, and advocate for organic forms inspired by nature’s fluidity. We would argue that, unlike the rigid structures in architecture, nature thrives with organic forms and fluid lines, inspiring us to showcase these natural, non-linear shapes in our designs.
Seeja Sudhakaran (SS): We have known each other for the last 18 years and completed our bachelor’s together. During this time, we developed unique designs and gained extensive practice, realising that these concepts had not been explored. This motivated us to study the subject in-depth and pursue our master’s to upgrade our skills. We completed our master’s in Spain, returned to India and found the scenario of the architectural landscape unchanged, with only a few architects practising parametric architecture nationwide. This also led us towards starting our practice, aiming to address the challenges and gaps we identified in the architectural landscape.
Which architects have influenced your style, and how have you integrated their elements into your projects?
SS: Having completed our master’s in Spain, we are heavily influenced by Antoni Gaudi, whose architectural designs prominently shape the southern and eastern regions. Many of these structures are over 150 years old and have parametric designs and nature-inspired concepts that have significantly impacted our style. While our shapes differ from his Gothic architecture, his ideologies, especially the use of mathematics in design, have always been an influence.
KD: Antony Gaudi, is recognised for his remarkable expertise in biomimicry, and handcrafting intricate mathematical forms, especially considering the rapid pace of modern projects. We also draw inspiration from Zaha Hadid Architects, particularly for their use of advanced technology, computational design, and algorithmic processes. Tadao Ando, a Japanese architect, is another key influence. His work is deeply rooted in emotions, light, and proportions, which are principles we also integrate into our designs. In addition, we find Indian temple architecture interesting, particularly the sound boxes which create the hymnal reverberations. This practice feels like a nascent form of parametric architecture, one based on sound and light, which is often overlooked nowadays. Our designs aim to tell a story through organic forms, inspired by nature, technology, and timeless architectural principles.
As women in architecture, what challenges have you faced, and how have they shaped your growth and perspectives?
KD: Every person faces different kinds of challenges in their careers, be it any man or woman. Early in our careers, we did not take it personally, but there were times when our opinions would not be taken seriously. Over time, we realised that our work would speak for us. Now, we find ourselves at a point where we do not encounter those issues, and our opinions are properly taken into consideration. I would want the upcoming generation of girls to know that this is a long-term profession which requires time, patience, and consistent effort. Things will start taking shape as the real estate and construction industries are slower in adopting new technology, teaching us patience, empathy, and openness to the team’s input.
SS: The industry tends to be more ageist than sexist, although it remains largely male-dominated, particularly in client relationships. Addressing these challenges requires being taken seriously, regardless of the gender, and navigating issues as they arise. Each person’s journey is unique; for us, the experience as women in the industry has been manageable, but I’ve certainly heard stories of others facing significant difficulties.
What challenges have you faced in promoting steel and parametric design, and how do you highlight their benefits to clients?
KD: The integration of steel and parametric design is essential, as creating complex forms using digital fabrication tools often necessitates offsite work. Steel is the optimal solution due to two factors, lower offsite costs and faster execution. While extensive prefabrication with steel can pose challenges, it remains a viable choice that depends on the project’s specific nature and timelines. For instance, in projects like the Bungee Jumping Tower, which features a 70 m height with a 25 m cantilever boom. Similarly, the planetarium incorporates significant spans, including a 25 m cantilever and a 60 m ring span. Infrastructure projects, museums, and airports are increasingly utilising steel due to these advantages. Currently, there is a growing acceptance of steel in high-rise buildings, driven by the time efficiency they offer. Although there is still a long way to go, the industry is gradually embracing steel as a primary material. Many RCC and structural consultants are now equipped to provide steel solutions, a significant change from just a decade ago.
Mention any of the innovative and advanced software you’ve used and how have you seen them change over time?
SS: We use numerous softwares, but it is also about having a software that does parametric computational design. It could be Autodesk Maya, or Rhino, or any other software packages within Revit that enable you to do this. The software we use today has evolved significantly, especially with the rise of AI and computational design. Many programs are available, but it’s crucial to understand the project’s needs to choose the right software. After the pandemic, the market has seen a surge of new tools emerging frequently-often, our interns inform us about the latest options. The industry previously adopted technology at a slower pace, with many of the mentioned software tools initially used in jewellery or automotive design rather than architecture. However, in the past decade, architects have begun to integrate these tools, and the adoption rate is now accelerating rapidly as more professionals embrace these technologies in their everyday work.
Beyond steel, what other measures do you take to make your structures unique, innovative, and sustainable?
KD: Sustainability is not just a greenwash board; it has become a fundamental aspect of our design philosophy. We focus on locally sourced materials and integrate a circular economy in construction to minimise on-site material waste. By collaborating with clients, we emphasise the importance of minimising waste, which is a prevalent issue in the construction industry.
Additionally, we recognise the value of biophilia in our designs, drawing inspiration from nature’s ability to create habitats using available materials, as seen in structures like ant hills. This approach not only reduces our carbon footprint by using locally sourced materials but also allows us to apply global technologies, making each project unique while remaining environmentally responsible.
Have you observed or used any emerging trends or technologies in architecture, and do you think AI will be adopted soon?
SS: It is not just the future, AI has been adopted into many workflows, including ours as well. It is being used for image generation, and concept development, and enables designers to work more efficiently and innovatively, allowing for quick exploration of ideas. However, the adoption of AI is much more widespread in the West compared to the Indian context.
KD: While we are excited about its potential, hesitation in architecture and design leads to questions about new technologies’ usefulness and causes us to lag. To remain competitive, architects and designers must regularly update their skills and embrace AI.
SS: Despite valid concerns about ethics and intellectual property in AI-generated content, the benefits it offers present significant opportunities for growth and innovation. Embracing AI can be a win-win for those willing to adapt.
What advice would you give to emerging architects interested in exploring geometry and technology in their designs?
KD: I would recommend exploring various geometries, including sacred geometry and biophilia, as nature holds valuable insights. Proficiency in coding languages like Python or Crossover will also be essential, similar to how AutoCAD was crucial in the past.
SS: While software is a useful tool, understanding design intent is far more important. Many schools prioritise software training to meet hiring criteria, creating a divide between those proficient in software and those who understand design principles. Design intent should always come first; technology and software are secondary. While software can produce impressive outputs, it can create a false sense of mastery if design intent is overlooked.
KD: Architecture is about designing, not just creating artwork. While one can parametrise climate and context, human comfort and emotions cannot be quantified; they require experience and patience to understand. The traditional methods of learning architecture will always be important, even as the need to be proficient in software grows. Ultimately, effective communication about design remains essential.
